Melanotan 1, also known as Afamelanotide, is a synthetic analog of the naturally occurring peptide hormone alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). It was originally developed to promote skin tanning without exposure to harmful UV rays.
Key Facts
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Chemical Name: Afamelanotide
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Molecular Formula: C78H111N21O19
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CAS Number: 75921-69-6
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Type: Synthetic peptide; melanocortin receptor agonist
How It Works
Melanotan 1 binds primarily to melanocortin 1 receptors (MC1R) on melanocytes (pigment-producing cells in the skin), stimulating the production of melanin—the pigment responsible for skin color. This leads to a gradual darkening of the skin, offering a protective effect against UV damage.
Uses and Benefits
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🌞 Sunless Tanning: Stimulates natural tanning, reducing the need for UV exposure.
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🛡️ Photoprotection: Used to reduce UV-induced skin damage in people with photosensitive conditions.
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🧬 FDA-Approved for EPP: Marketed under the brand name Scenesse, it is approved for erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP)—a rare genetic disorder causing painful sensitivity to sunlight.
Administration
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Typically delivered via a subcutaneous implant (especially in clinical settings).
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Effects build up gradually and can last several weeks to months, depending on dosage and skin type.
Side Effects
While generally well-tolerated, potential side effects may include:
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Nausea
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Flushing
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Headaches
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Injection site reactions
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Darkening of moles or freckles
Melanotan 1 vs. Melanotan 2
| Feature | Melanotan 1 | Melanotan 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Receptor Selectivity | Highly selective for MC1R | Binds MC1R and others (e.g., MC4R) |
| Tanning Effect | Gradual, more natural-looking | Stronger, faster tanning |
| Side Effects | Fewer side effects | More side effects (e.g., libido changes) |
| Medical Use | FDA-approved (Scenesse) | Not approved for human use |
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